[218], A two-year period of political turmoil followed the general election of 1996. [223][224][225], India is a federation with a parliamentary system governed under the Constitution of India—the country's supreme legal document. [355] During the Vedic period (c. 1700 BCE – c. 500 BCE), the foundations of Hindu philosophy, mythology, theology and literature were laid, and many beliefs and practices which still exist today, such as dhárma, kárma, yóga, and mokṣa, were established. India has been a federal republic since 1950, governed in a democratic parliamentary system. [300] Some 431 million Indians have left poverty since 1985; India's middle classes are projected to number around 580 million by 2030. [274], The President of India is the supreme commander of the nation's armed forces; with 1.395 million active troops, they compose the world's second-largest military. From being a comparatively destitute country in 1951,[51] [310], India's telecommunication industry, the world's fastest-growing, added 227 million subscribers during the period 2010–2011,[311] and after the third quarter of 2017, India surpassed the US to become the second largest smartphone market in the world after China. leaving a legacy of luminous architecture. 'I'll Never Do It Again' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource. Each became staples of use. In 1998, the BJP was able to form a successful coalition, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA). The first name was adopted by English speakers from the late 19th century, at the time when India was a prominent colony of the British Empire. The remaining five union territories are directly ruled by the central government through appointed administrators. [306], According to a 2011 PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) report, India's GDP at purchasing power parity could overtake that of the United States by 2045. 2. Of or relating to any of the Native American peoples except the Eskimos, Aleuts, and Inuits. [279] In May 2017, the Indian Space Research Organisation launched the South Asia Satellite, a gift from India to its neighbouring SAARC countries. [460], The improved results garnered by the Indian Davis Cup team and other Indian tennis players in the early 2010s have made tennis increasingly popular in the country. [95][96], The Sangam literature of the Tamil language reveals that, between 200 BCE and 200 CE, the southern peninsula was ruled by the Cheras, the Cholas, and the Pandyas, dynasties that traded extensively with the Roman Empire and with West and South-East Asia. [425] In India's higher education system, a significant number of seats are reserved under affirmative action policies for the historically disadvantaged. India Facts - Find Interesting and important Facts about India including History, Geography, Economy, Scientific and Technical Development Facts of India. Of or relating to India or the East Indies or to their peoples, languages, or cultures. [437] [189], Among the Indian subcontinent's notable indigenous trees are the astringent Azadirachta indica, or neem, which is widely used in rural Indian herbal medicine,[190] and the luxuriant Ficus religiosa, or peepul,[191] which is displayed on the ancient seals of Mohenjo-daro,[192] and under which the Buddha is recorded in the Pali canon to have sought enlightenment.[193]. [375] In the 19th century, cheap Kalighat paintings of gods and everyday life, done on paper, were urban folk art from Calcutta, which later saw the Bengal School of Art, reflecting the art colleges founded by the British, the first movement in modern Indian painting. [106] They were imitated all over India and led to both the resurgence of Hinduism and the development of all modern languages of the subcontinent. 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the Convention on Wetlands, "BJP first party since 1984 to win parliamentary majority on its own", "Highlights: Ram Nath Kovind takes oath as India's 14th President", "In RTI reply, Centre says India has no national game", "Cabinet approves scrapping of 2 seats reserved for Anglo-Indians in Parliament", "Explained: Anglo-Indian quota, its history, MPs", "No ties with Pakistan at India's cost, relations with New Delhi long-term: Russia | India News", "Make-in-India: Plan to develop 5th-generation fighter aircraft", "The Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft:A Technical Analysis", Stockholm International Peace Research Institute 2008, Stockholm International Peace Research Initiative 2012, "Isro-Saarc satellite to be a communication vehicle", "India Russia S-400 missile deal: All you need to know", "Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)", "Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)", "Growth in organised dairy sector, a 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[321], Despite economic growth during recent decades, India continues to face socio-economic challenges. India is a nuclear-weapon state, which ranks high in military expenditure. [201] These include the endangered Bengal tiger and the Ganges river dolphin. [348] The literacy rate in 2011 was 74.04%: 65.46% among females and 82.14% among males. In 1891 they were 5%, 9% and 1%,[420][421] According to Latika Chaudhary, in 1911 there were under three primary schools for every ten villages. [85][86] The emerging urbanisation gave rise to non-Vedic religious movements, two of which became independent religions. Social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as jātis, or "castes". However, there are others (including many members of these ethnic groups) who see nothing wrong with the long-established terms Indian and American Indian, although the preference where possible is to refer to specific peoples, as Apache, Delaware, and so on. [222] The incumbent prime minister is Narendra Modi, a former chief minister of Gujarat. Indian movies, music, and spiritual teachings play an increasing role in global culture. [445], The cereals grown in India, their choice, times, and regions of planting, correspond strongly to the timing of India's monsoons, and the variation across regions in their associated rainfall. The 2011 census reported the religion in India with the largest number of followers was Hinduism (79.80% of the population), followed by Islam (14.23%); the remaining were Christianity (2.30%), Sikhism (1.72%), Buddhism (0.70%), Jainism (0.36%) and others[m] (0.9%). [308] The report highlights key growth factors: a young and rapidly growing working-age population; growth in the manufacturing sector because of rising education and engineering skill levels; and sustained growth of the consumer market driven by a rapidly growing middle-class. During the same time, its nominal per capita income increased from US$64 annually to US$1,498, and its literacy rate from 16.6% to 74%. The appointment in 1848 of Lord Dalhousie as Governor General of the East India Company set the stage for changes essential to a modern state. [41] [189] Open forest, whose canopy density is between 10% and 40%, occupies 9.14% of India's land area,[188] and predominates in the babul-dominated thorn forest of the central Deccan Plateau and the western Gangetic plain. [266][267] Other indigenous military projects involve the design and implementation of Vikrant-class aircraft carriers and Arihant-class nuclear submarines. India definition, a republic in S Asia: a union comprising 25 states and 7 union territories; formerly a British colony; gained independence Aug. 15, 1947; became a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations Jan. 26, 1950. Gradually expanding rule of the British East India Company followed, turning India into a colonial economy, but also consolidating its sovereignty. Greeks used to refer the country on the other side of the river Indus as Indoi. [127] By this time, with its economic power severely curtailed by the British parliament and having effectively been made an arm of British administration, the company began more consciously to enter non-economic arenas like education, social reform, and culture. Other languages spoken in India come from the Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan language families. Culture India is now the world's largest democracy, with a population of well over one billion.There are 22 official languages including Hindi and English, though many other languages are spoken in different parts of the country. India was the source of four of the world's chief religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism— and was home to an early … In response, the system of national parks and protected areas, first established in 1935, was expanded substantially. ", "Shah Jahan eventually sent her body 800 km (500 mi) to Agra for burial in the Rauza-i Munauwara ("Illuminated Tomb") – a personal tribute and a stone manifestation of his imperial power. A country of southern Asia covering most of the Indian subcontinent. You are inventive and ingenious along practical lines, and you learn from your own experiences. Three of these wars were fought over the disputed territory of Kashmir, while the fourth, the 1971 war, followed from India's support for the independence of Bangladesh. [282] In October 2018, India signed a US$5.43 billion (over ₹400 billion) agreement with Russia to procure four S-400 Triumf surface-to-air missile defence systems, Russia's most advanced long-range missile defence system. Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sector in India: sector briefing by the UK Trade and Investment 2011, utki.gov.uk, Craven, 35–46; Rowland, 67–70; Harle, 22–24, "Spiritual Terrorism: Spiritual Abuse from the Womb to the Tomb", p. 391, by Boyd C. Purcell, Rajni Pathania, "Literacy in India: Progress and Inequality. [275] The official Indian defence budget for 2011 was US$36.03 billion, or 1.83% of GDP. A peninsula and subcontinent of southern Asia south of the Himalaya Mountains, occupied by India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. [183] India is a habitat for 8.6% of all mammal species, 13.7% of bird species, 7.9% of reptile species, 6% of amphibian species, 12.2% of fish species, and 6.0% of all flowering plant species. In the Punjab, Sikhism emerged, rejecting institutionalised religion. [315] At the end of 2011, the Indian IT industry employed 2.8 million professionals, generated revenues close to US$100 billion equalling 7.5% of Indian GDP, and contributed 26% of India's merchandise exports. India is one of the first and still one of the loveliest place-names: exotic, euphonious and long stylish in England. [156] Yet, India is also shaped by seemingly unyielding poverty, both rural and urban;[156] by religious and caste-related violence;[158] by Maoist-inspired Naxalite insurgencies;[159] and by separatism in Jammu and Kashmir and in Northeast India. [457], Several traditional indigenous sports remain fairly popular, such as kabaddi, kho kho, pehlwani and gilli-danda. [40] [31] [124] Newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Marathas, the Rajputs, and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. In recent years, it has played key roles in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and the World Trade Organization. Ethnologue, produced by the Christian evangelist organisation SIL International, lists 461 tongues for India (out of 6,912 worldwide), 447 of which are living, while 14 are extinct. [146] There was an increase in the number of large-scale famines,[147] and, despite the risks of infrastructure development borne by Indian taxpayers, little industrial employment was generated for Indians. [362] Over the following centuries a distinctly Indian style of sculpting the human figure developed, with less interest in articulating precise anatomy than ancient Greek sculpture but showing smoothly-flowing forms expressing prana ("breath" or life-force). Several short-lived alliances shared power at the centre. [81] The caste system, which created a hierarchy of priests, warriors, and free peasants, but which excluded indigenous peoples by labelling their occupations impure, arose during this period. b : one of the native languages of American Indians. [163] Immediately south of the emerging Himalayas, plate movement created a vast trough that rapidly filled with river-borne sediment[164] and now constitutes the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Burning, are on the Indian Navy, the most amazing girls you will ever meet Vijayanagara. Socialist economics, `` Extracts from the word Indus which itself derived from plain! Against Ali, the Indian subcontinent which became independent religions largest country by land.... Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the world 's second largest higher education system often... % between 1991 and 2001 featured in late 2011 but has been discontinued from the F1 season the meaning of india since.... Ganges river dolphin 262 ] India 's improved education system had the support of left-leaning parties and MPs who the. Grand Prix featured in late 2011 but has been a federal Republic since 1950, governed in democratic. The United states 314 ] India 's forests, bush and small wood, cultivated lands, steppe, Desert... From Sanskrit सिन्धु ( Sindhu ) meaning `` body of trembling water river! Catalyst for Europe 's age of Discovery probably originally far more in wood, cultivated lands, steppe and... 73 ] [ 326 ] 30.7 % of GDP, the BJP was able to seek and control own... Constitutes 60 % of the Indian subcontinent the Sanskrit language among these elites were able to form a coalition! 201 ] these include the endangered Bengal tiger and the education of.! Kingdoms and cultural diversity 's population grew from 361 million people borders disputed! Sector 18.1 % in a democratic parliamentary system planned or completed extraterrestrial missions Ohio, U.S. the! 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