- The process of mining and removal of cal or ore from a mine. - The air or ventilation that has passed through all the working faces of a split. - The principal cleavage plane or joint at right angles to the stratification of the coal seam. Secondary roof - The roof strata immediately above the coalbed, requiring support during the excavating of coal. - A bag filled with sand, clay, etc., used for stemming a charged hole. Coal resources broken down by identified and undiscovered resources. Barrier pillars are solid blocks of coal left between two mines or sections of a mine to prevent accidents due to inrushes of water, gas, or from explosions or a mine fire. - Device at the end of the trailing cable of a mining machine used for connecting the trailing cable to the trolley wire and ground. Coal mine - An area of land and all structures, facilities, machinery, tools, equipment, shafts, slopes, tunnels, excavations, and other property, real or personal, placed upon, under, or above the surface of such land by any person, used in extracting coal from its natural deposits in the earth by any means or method, and the work of preparing the coal so extracted, including coal preparation facilities. Hydraulic control refers to the mechanical control of various parts of machines, such as coal cutters, loaders, etc., through the operation or action of hydraulic cylinders. - In coal mining, (1) the weight of the rocks above a narrow roadway is transferred to the solid coal along the sides, which act as abutments of the arch of strata spanning the roadway; and (2) the weight of the rocks over a longwall face is transferred to the front abutment, that is, the solid coal ahead of the face and the back abutment, that is, the settled packs behind the face. – As it pertains to mining, a document issued by a regulatory agency that gives approval for mining operations to take place. Hydraulic cement has a composition which permits it to set quickly under water. Belt conveyor - A looped belt on which coal or other materials can be carried and which is generally constructed of flame-resistant material or of reinforced rubber or rubber-like substance. - Track-mounted, self-propelled personnel carrier that holds 8 to 12 people. - Also known as foot section pulley. Post - The vertical member of a timber set. Tail section - A term used in both belt and chain conveyor work to designate that portion of the conveyor at the extreme opposite end from the delivery point. Coal reserves - Measured tonnages of coal that have been calculated to occur in a coal seam within a particular property. Space becomes an issue later on if you're trying to get any meaningful amount of coal out with thumpers. – A compression of the roof and floor of a coal seam so as to "squeeze" out the coal. Prop - Coal mining term for any single post used as roof support. - The idler or roller underneath the cover or cover plates on which the conveyor belt rides after the load which it was carrying has been dumped at the head section and starts the return trip toward the foot section. Employs a steal plow, or rotation drum, which is pulled mechanically back and forth across a face of coal that is usually several hundred feet long. Dragline – A large excavation machine used in surface mining to remove overburden (layers of rock and soil) covering a coal seam. Column flotation – A precombustion coal cleaning technology in which coal particles attach to air bubbles rising in a vertical column. Gob - The term applied to that part of the mine from which the coal has been removed and the space more or less filled up with waste. Cutter; Cutting machine - A machine, usually used in coal, that will cut a 10- to 15-cm slot. The beginning point of a shaft or drill hole at the surface. Also, a small passage at one side or both sides of a breast, used as a traveling way for the miner, and sometimes, as an airway, or chute, or both. In terms of Btu or "heating" content, anthracite has the highest value, followed by bituminous, subbituminous and lignite. Strike - The direction of the line of intersection of a bed or vein with the horizontal plane. The solid coal on the side of any underground passage. - Knocking on a roof to see whether it is sound and safe to work under. - A looped belt on which coal or other materials can be carried and which is generally constructed of flame-resistant material or of reinforced rubber or rubber-like substance. - Special air courses developed and maintained as part of the mine ventilation system and designed to continuously move air-methane mixtures emitted by the gob or at the active face away from the active workings and into mine-return air courses. I love pulling apart engines. Outby; outbye - Nearer to the shaft, and hence farther from the working face. Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. The overburden covering the coal is removed and the coal extracted using power shovels, front end loaders, or similar heavy equipment. - Precise determination, by chemical means, of the elements and compounds in coal. The cutter bar can be twisted to make cuts at any angle to the horizontal or vertical. In the case of incline shafts and boreholes it may mean the distance reached from the beginning of the shaft or hole, the borehole depth, or the inclined depth. - The hardened and strengthened device at the end of a drill rod that transmits the energy of breakage to the rock. Fissure - An extensive crack, break, or fracture in the rocks. It can be synonymous with panel entry, submain entry, or in its older sense it refers to an entry that is "butt" onto the coal cleavage (that is, at right angles to the face). - An area of coal left to support the overlying strata in a mine; sometimes left permanently to support surface structures. Horizon - In geology, any given definite position or interval in the stratigraphic column or the scheme of stratigraphic classification; generally used in a relative sense. Longwall Mining – One of three major underground coal mining methods currently in use. Support - The all-important function of keeping the mine workings open. The term generally refers to measures taken to prevent roof falls or coal bursts. Methane, which is the principal component of natural gas, is frequently encountered in underground coal mining operations and is kept within safe limits through the use of extensive mine ventilation systems. - Coal fragments larger in size than coal dust. Wedge - A piece of wood tapering to a thin edge and used for tightening in conventional timbering. Its thickness may vary from a few to several thousand feet. Props may be timber or steel; if steel--screwed, yieldable, or hydraulic. These devices, technically know as flue gas desulfurization systems, combine the sulfur in gaseous emissions with another chemical medium to form inert "sludge," which must then be removed for disposal. Skid - A track-mounted vehicle used to hold trips or cars from running out of control. Ventilation - The provision of a directed flow of fresh and return air along all underground roadways, traveling roads, workings, and service parts. A dragline works in coal pits in front of the SaskPower Shand Power Station on Tuesday, March 19, 2008 south of Estevan, Saskatchewan. - A short conveyor hung from the boom of mining or lading machine or haulage system with the other end attached to a receiving bin that dollies along a frame supported by the room or entry conveyor, tailpiece. - The vertical transport coal or material. - An apparatus for moving material from one point to another in a continuous fashion. Friable - Easy to break, or crumbling naturally. - The inclination of a geologic structure (bed, vein, fault, etc.) Fractures include faults, shears, joints, and planes of fracture cleavage. – Coal for which estimates of the rank, quality, and quantity have been computed from sample analyses and measurements from closely spaced and geologically well-known sample sites, such as outcrops, trenches, mine workings, and drill holes. Jackleg - A percussion drill used for drifting or stopping that is mounted on a telescopic leg which has an extension of about 2.5 m. The leg and machine are hinged so that the drill need not be in the same direction as the leg. Using the same sample (1 gram) under controlled heating at fixed temperatures and time periods, moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash content are successfully determined. - A coal mining block that generally comprises one operating unit. What does coal expression mean? Dilution - The contamination of ore with barren wall rock in stopping. The bearing of a line is the acute horizontal angle between the meridian and the line. Alt: Secondary inclined opening, driven upward to connect levels, sometimes on the dip of a deposit; also called "inclined shaft". Glossary developed from materials provided by. The use of roof bolts eliminates the need for timbering by fastening together, or "laminating," several weaker layers of roof strata to build a "beam.". Used for detonating explosives. Breakthrough - A passage for ventilation that is cut through the pillars between rooms. A fuse can be safely used to ignite a cap, which is the primer for an explosive. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on Earth. Working - When a coal seam is being squeezed by pressure from roof and floor, it emits creaking noises and is said to be "working". - The passage through which fresh air is drawn or forced into a mine or to a section of a mine. noun A metal container with a sloping lid used to carry coal for a domestic fire. Cycle mining - A system of mining in more than one working place at a time, that is, a miner takes a lift from the face and moves to another face while permanent roof support is established in the previous working face. - The excavation, loading, and removal of coal or ore from the ground; winning follows development. – The part of the carbon that remains behind when coal is heated in a closed vessel until all of the volatile matter is driven off. As a verb, it refers to this function; as a noun it refers to all the equipment and materials--timber, roof bolts, concrete, steel, etc.--that are used to carry out this function. - Cutting a representative part of an ore (or coal) deposit, which should truly represent its average value. - A screw- or pump-type hydraulic extension post made of steel and used as temporary roof support. - The idlers, located on the upper framework of a belt conveyor, which support the loaded belt. - A flat piece of wood inserted between the top of the prop and the roof to provide bearing support. - A safety hole constructed in the side of a gangway, tunnel, or slope in which miner can be safe from passing locomotives and car. - Ventilation of a mine without the aid of fans or furnaces. PCI coal ~19km south from the centre of the Loop Ridge property. - The character of a rock described in terms of its structure, color, mineral composition, grain size, and arrangement of its component parts; all those visible features that in the aggregate impart individuality of the rock. Strictly speaking, it is a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Alt: Exhaust ventilation lateral. A fault is a failure surface and is evidence of severe earth stresses. – That portion of the identified coal resource that can be economically mined at the time of determination. Btu – British thermal unit. - The process of removing surplus ground or surface water either by artificial means or by gravity flow. - A machine utilizing rotation, percussion (hammering), or a combination of both to make holes. Feeder - A machine that feeds coal onto a conveyor belt evenly. - The proportion or percentage of coal or ore mined from the original seam or deposit. Cap block - A flat piece of wood inserted between the top of the prop and the roof to provide bearing support. The devices, commonly called "scrubbers," combine the sulfur in gaseous emissions with another chemical medium to form inert "sludge" which must then be removed for disposal. It is similar to coal ash. Check curtain - Sheet of brattice cloth hung across an airway to control the passage of the air current. This often serves as a warning to the miners that additional support is needed. Chalk talk Gary 21/June/04 Chalk talk Lewis 21/June/04 Break line - The line that roughly follows the rear edges of coal pillars that are being mined. – A collective term for the sum of coal in both measured and indicated resources and reserves. The term generally refers to measures taken to prevent roof falls or coal bursts. Descriptive of certain rocks and minerals. - A mechanical ventilator installed at the surface; operates by either exhausting or blowing to induce airflow through the mine roadways and workings. Kentucky Derby 2021. Also may be called a chock or cog. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Mine mouth electric plant – A coal burning electric-generating plant built near a coal mine. Identified coal resources are classified as demonstrated and inferred. A tramming motor may refer to an electric locomotive used for hauling loaded trips or it may refer to the motor in a cutting machine that supplies the power for moving or tramming the machine. Bench - One of to or more divisions of a coal seam separated by slate or formed by the process of cutting the coal. The bearing of a line is the acute horizontal angle between the meridian and the line. – A mine in which the coal lies near the surface and can be extracted by removing the covering layers of rock and soil. - Dust particles 5 microns or less in size. - A water-bearing bed of porous rock, often sandstone. Shaft mine – An underground mine in which the main entry or access is by means of a vertical shaft. The vertical transport of the same is called hoisting. Ripper - A coal extraction machine that works by tearing the coal from the face. Many fear the $2billion coal mine will have disastrous effects on the environment 'You have "bravo" - meaning a mercenary, a sword for hire, a tough guy. Crop coal - Coal at the outcrop of the seam. Various constructions of wire rope are designated by the number of strands in the rope and the number of wires in each strand. Transfer - A vertical or inclined connection between two or more levels and used as an ore pass. Fall - A mass of roof rock or coal which has fallen in any part of a mine. Not sure about the upgrades one if it just pops up more piles or anywhere else. Coal Gasification – The conversion of coal into a gaseous fuel. - A timber frame to support the roof, sides, and sometimes the floor of mine roadways or shafts. Shale - A rock formed by consolidation of clay, mud, or silt, having a laminated structure and composed of minerals essentially unaltered since deposition. Jackrock – A caltrop or other object manufactured with one or more rounded or sharpened points, which when placed or thrown present at least one point at such an angle that it is peculiar to and designed for use in puncturing or damaging vehicle tires. Under favorable conditions, longwall mining may extract from 80 to 95% of the entire seam. Also termed adobe, dobie, and sandblast (illegal in coal mining). The reserve is derived by applying a recovery factor to that component of the identified coal resource designated as the reserve base. Blasting agent - Any material consisting of a mixture of a fuel and an oxidizer. Descriptive of certain rocks and minerals. - A coal mine cave-in especially in permanent areas such as entries. NSW Labor leader Jodi McKay says she does not support a moratorium on new coal mines in a move likely to cause division in the party as it grapples … A pointer spad, or sight spad, is a station that allows a mine foreman to visually align entries or breaks from the main spad. Miner - One who is engaged in the business or occupation of extracting ore, coal, precious substances, or other natural materials from the earth's crust. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Troy Fleece (File image) Nearly 200,000 hectares of new coal leases issued since the policy change are still valid. These operations include tunneling, sinking, cross-cutting, drifting, and raising. The reserve is derived by applying a recovery factor to that component of the identified coal resource designated as the reserve base. Misfire - The complete or partial failure of a blasting charge to explode as planned. A pointer spad, or sight spad, is a station that allows a mine foreman to visually align entries or breaks from the main spad. Hoist - A drum on which hoisting rope is wound in the engine house, as the cage or skip is raised in the hoisting shaft. High-capacity stockpiles are commonly reclaimed using bucket-wheel reclaimers. - A train of powder enclosed in cotton, jute yarn, or waterproofing compounds, which burns at a uniform rate; used for firing a cap containing the detonation compound which in turn sets off the explosive charge. - A hard, heavy, shiny, yellow mineral, FeS2 or iron disulfide, generally in cubic crystals. Cribbing - The construction of cribs or timbers laid at right angles to each other, sometimes filled with earth, as a roof support or as a support for machinery. Alt: Secondary inclined opening, driven upward to connect levels, sometimes on the dip of a deposit; also called "inclined shaft". Although the spacing of the points of observation necessary to demonstrate continuity of the coal differs from region to region according to the character of the coal beds, the points of observation are no greater than ½ mile apart. A good roof support plan is part of mine safety and coal extraction. Highwall miner – A highwall mining system consists of a remotely controlled continuous miner which extracts coal and conveys it via augers, belt or chain conveyors to the outside. Hogsback - A sharp rise in the floor of a seam. Gunite - A cement applied by spraying to the roof and sides of a mine passage. - In petrology, that factor of the texture of a rock composed of distinct particles or crystals which depends upon their absolute size. Bodies that are completely concealed may be included if there is specific geologic evidence of their presence. The device is used for escape purposes only because it does not sustain life in atmospheres containing deficient oxygen. The use of roof bolts eliminates the need for timbering by fastening together, or "laminating," several weaker layers of roof strata to build a "beam.". Airway - Any passage through which air is carried. - A sample collected with an approved coal mine dust sampler unit attached to a miner, or so positioned as to measure the concentration of respirable dust to which the miner is exposed, and operated continuously over an entire work shift of such miner. - A coal mining term that has different meanings in different locations. Roof - The stratum of rock or other material above a coal seam; the overhead surface of a coal working place. - Any material consisting of a mixture of a fuel and an oxidizer. - In coal mine subsidence, this angle is assumed to bisect the angle between the vertical and the angle of repose of the material and is 20° for flat seams. - In a mine shaft, the device, similar to an elevator car, that is used for hoisting personnel and materials. Also called a refuge hole. Water Gauge (standard U-tube) - Instrument that measures differential pressures in inches of water. – The gradual sinking, or sometimes abrupt collapse, of the rock and soil layers into an underground mine. - A small, portable fan used to supplement the ventilation of an individual working place. Its purpose is to automatically compensate for any slack in the belting created by start-up, etc. - The slow crumbling and falling away of material from roof, rib, and face. "Subbituminous" is a coal with a heating value between bituminous and lignite. Also termed "bridging back" the pillar, "drawing" the pillar, or "pulling" the pillar. - A sedimentary rock consisting of quartz sand united by some cementing material, such as iron oxide or calcium carbonate. Under favorable conditions, longwall mining may extract from 80 to 95% of the entire seam. In coal mining this is the intended basis for roof bolting. Incline - Any entry to a mine that is not vertical (shaft) or horizontal (adit). A measure of the energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. Usually located several hundred feet below the earth's surface, an underground mine's coal is removed mechanically and transferred by shuttle car or conveyor to the surface. - Any device for transferring excavated coal into the haulage equipment. Black powder is entrained in the cord and, when lit, burns along the cord at a set rate. 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